ROUTE SURVEY OF A PROPOSED ROAD FROM ART AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN DEPARTMENT TERMINATING AT FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA PROPOSED MAIN GATE AT GUNKI

ROUTE SURVEY OF A PROPOSED ROAD FROM ART AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN DEPARTMENT TERMINATING AT FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA PROPOSED MAIN GATE AT GUNKI

ABSTRACT

This project is aimed at explaining in detail practical on route survey of the proposed road from Art and Industrial Design Department terminating at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa proposed main gate Gunki. It explain in keynote the pratical aspect and stages involved in executing the project which involve traversing to get angular measurement and leveling to get information for longitudinal sections of the route, cross section, profile plotting and horizontal alignment. Hence the job carried out fall within allowable specification for third order traversing.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0          INTRODUCTION

   Surveying is the art, science and technology of determining the relative position of points on above or beneath the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation (B.C. Punmia, 2005).

Surveying is defined as the science of determing the position in the three dimensional of natural and man-made features on or beneath of the earth surface.

Environmental dispute on earth today is as a result of lack of orderliness in the arrangement of plot allocation, title insurance and documentation are not well prepared and given to the holder or owner respectively.

Vital information must be supplied and in solving these problems, planning is very essential, because it improves the environments and enable government in providing social amenities for the people.

Route survey comprises of all survey operation required for design and construction of engineering works such as highways, pipelines or railways. Route survey supplies data necessary to determine alignments, grading, and earthwork quantities for design and construction of various engineering projects.

   Road is part of social amenities which their construction is of design location, road is a common way of transportation which play a vital roles in the development of states, town or villages.

   Reconnaissance is the necessary survey to carry out on project site in order to become familiar with the site.

The result of a reconnaissance survey are of two fold. The survey is made of an area and the result of this survey is not only to determine the feasibility but provide a comparative viewpoint necessary for selecting the most feasible route for a proposed road, railways, highways ,transmission lines or any other linear facility.

 Route  survey  consist of determining ground configuration and the location of objects with and along a proposed route, establishing linear alignment of the route and determining volumes of earthwork required for construction (OJIGI, 2008).

The most important aspect in route survey alignment project is the establishment of horizontal vertical control required for planning design, contructions.

1.1          BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA

The Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa state is a higher institution for learning in terms of education, it was established mainly to train the students both in practical and theory aspects of their respective discipline. This project site is situated in this institution.

   

This project site is located at the proposed road from Art and Industrial Design Department terminating at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa proposed main gate at Gunki which we are to carry out practical on both traversing and leveling respectively and at the end of the entire work, data and map will be produced.

1.2          STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

   Although the road which runs from Art and Industrial Design Department which was not a major road but a proposed road that was prompted as a result of the construction of the new Polytechnic Gate at Gunki for easy movement of those coming from Keffi into campus without passing through the old campus Gate of the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State.

1.3          PURPOSE OF STUDY

   The main purpose of this project work is to carry out the route survey of the proposed road from Art and Industrial Design Department terminating at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa proposed main gate at Gunki.

1.4          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

   The significance of this study is that at the end of the entire practical field work plan/maps showing the cross-sectional and longitudinal of the road will be shown and produced.

1.5          SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• Reconnaissance
• Height determination (leveling)
• Chainage marking at 20m interval along the centre line
• Theodolite observation
• Cross-sectioning
• Data processing
• Analysis and plotting with a suitable scale.

1.6          AIM AND OBJECTIVES

   The aim of the project is to educate and enlighten the writer to the practical aspect on route survey and provide necessary production of a plan showing the route survey data and provide other valuable information for road engineers to carry out works on the proposed route survey of the road to be constructed.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives are as follows:

1. To carryout leveling on the proposed road
2. To carryout traversing to define the perimeter of the proposed road.

• To fix linear details along the route/road determination of elevation on either line at interval.

1.7          DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Surveying: Can be defined as the science of determining the position in three dimension of natural and man-made features on or beneath the earth surface.
2. Route Survey: this is the method of survey of determining parts of a proposed road in order to portray the relief of the path and is the type or method of survey used in road construction.
3. Reconnaissance: Is the visitation to the proposed site in order to be familiar with the site.
4. Leveling: Is defined as a means by which a comparison of the heights of points on the earth surface is made.
5. Traversing: Is a method of surveying that involves fixing of points by sequences and angular measurement
6. Back sight (B.S): Is the first reading taken on the staff after setting up the level usually to determine the height of instrument.
7. Fore sight (F.S): It is the last reading from an instrument position on to a staff held at a point.
8. Intermediate sight (I.S): Intermediate sight covers all sightings and staff reading made between back-sight and foresight within each station.
9. Height of Instrument (HI): This is the elevation of line of sight with respect to the assumed datum.
10. Instrument Station Position: (ISP): Is the point where instrument is set up for observation
11. Change Point (CP): Change point is the point where both the foresight and back-sight are taken during leveling operation.
12. Cross section level (CSL): Is to determine the differences of elevation on the ground surface along the line.
13. Theodolite: Is an instrument used in measuring horizontal and vertical angles
14. Foot screws: Is used for leveling theodolite operation
15. Plane bubble: Used to set horizontal axis of the instrument on the horizontal plane.
16. Reduced Level: Reduced level of a point is its height or depth above or below the datum.
17. Face Right (FR): This is when the vertical circle is on the right telescope at the time of observation
18. Face Right (FL): This is when the vertical circle is on the left telescope at the time of observation.
19. Circle Reading: They are caliberate in degrees, minute and seconds used for angular readings.
20. Leveling screws: Used for setting instrument
21. Beacons(B): A survey beacon is defined as a permanents survey mark of any kind of iron, concrete or stone.
22. Easting(E):is the easting for a given meridian or north axis.
23. Northing(N):is the distance northward for a given meridian or east axis.
24. Data:are given information used to produce a desired result.
25. Co ordinates: is the position of any points relative to some axis usually intersecting at right angles.