ROUTE SURVEY OF THE MAIN ROAD FROM SCHOOL GATE TO SENIOR STAFF QUARTERS OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE

ROUTE SURVEY OF THE MAIN ROAD FROM SCHOOL GATE TO SENIOR STAFF QUARTERS OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE

ABSTRACT

The project explains the experience in practice, the student had during the course of study in the institution. And it explains the stages involved in carrying out the project. The project contains five chapters; chapter one contain the background of the study, the statement of problem, purpose of study e.t..c. chapter two contains literature review and chapter three talk on research methodology, while chapter four is on data presentation, finally chapter five is basically on conclusion, recommendation and references.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

Road plays major role in the development of a nation or a state, as it is popularly known as the most common means of communication. Roads are also the common way of transportation of goods and services and people from village, town, and cities. Road serves as links between railways stations, airports and seaports. They are used for the spreading of social amenities to villages and towns, hence their location design and construction are of prime importance.

Route surveying is the determination of the part of a propose road in other to portray the relief of the path for office planning and design of such road by road engineers.

The field work of this project was also proceeded by reconnaissance i.e. a visit to the site in order to become familiarized with the site.

1.1            AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this project is to expose the writer to the practical aspect of route survey and to provide necessary survey data which will enable the production of a plan showing the route and also to provide the information necessary for road engineers to carry out the design of the proposed route for effective cost management of the construction of the road.

1.2            OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the project are summarized as folllows:

1)     To carryout a levelling

2)     To carryout traversing

3)     To mark out the center line of the route at 25m interval for the longitudinal/cross section profile.

4)     To fix linear details along the route  

1.3     LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE

This project site is located at Nasarawa state, Nasarawa local government area, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa from the school gate to the school senior staff quarters.

1.4            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The federal polytechnic Nasarawa is an educational institution of higher learning, it was established mainly for the training of individuals in the technical aspect. It is in this environment that the project site is.

1.5            STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Although the major road within the school is that which runs from the main gate: As student it is imperative that we know how to undertake this aspect as engineering survey, hence the need to undertake the task.

Here the statement of problem is how, do we go about getting the data for the;

a.     Corridor of the road

b.     Horizontal section and

c.      Cross-sectional data.

1.6            PURPOSE OF STUDY

The main purpose of this project work is to carryout the route survey of the main road within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, from the school main gate to the senior staff quarters.

1.7            SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This project work is significant because at the end of the entire field work, maps/plans showing the longitudinal and cross-section of the road will be produced.

1.8            RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS

There should be questions to be considered by the researcher.

Questions like:

1)      Can the department provide sufficient instrument needed by the students?

2)      Is the department highly recognized

3)      Survey should be an important course to be offered in secondary schools.

1.9            SCOPE OF STUDY

–      Reconnaissance

–      Chainage marking at 25cm interval along the center line of route

–      Height determination (levelling)

–      Theodolite observation

–      Cross sectioning

–      Data processing

–      Analysis and

–      Plotting with a suitable scale.

1.10        DEFINITION OF TERMS

Surveying: This can be defined as the linear and angular measurement made to determine the dimensions, features and relative positions of the earths surface.

Route Survey: this is the method of survey of determining parts of a propose road in order to portray the relief of the path and is the type or method of survey used in road construction.

Traversing: These are series of connected lines whose length and direction are determined from field observations using distance and angular measurement.

Levelling: This is the art of determining relative heights of points on the surface or beneath the earth surface.

Reconnaissance: This is the process of visiting the propose site to know more about the site work and involve the principle of survey.

Back Sigh (B.S): This is the first sight taken on a levelling staff and enables the surveyor to obtain the height of the instrument. It is taken on a point of known elevation.

Fore Sight (F.S): It is the sight taken on a levelling staff held at a point of unknown elevation to ascertain where the point is above or below the line of sight.

Intermediate Sight (I.S): This is the sight taken on a levelling staff held at a point.

Height of Instrument (H.I): It is the elevation of the line of sight with respect to the assumed datum.

Station: This is the point where instrument are positioned. They are also points of determining elevations.

Change point: This is the point on which both the fore sight and back sight are taken during levelling operation.

Cross section: It is the determination of the difference of elevations of the ground surface along line perpendicular to the center line of propose survey work.

GPS Global Positioning System: This is a means of measurement using satellite systems of positioning with the purpose of definition of co-ordinates.

Theodolite: It is an instrument used for angular measurement.

Foot Screws: They are used in theodolite levelling operations.

Circular Bubble: Used for setting the vertical axis of the instrument over a survey station.

Plane Bubble: Used for setting the horizontal axis of the instrument in the horizontal plane.

Circle Reading: They are graduated in degrees, minutes and seconds (⁰, ¹, ¹¹) which are used for angular readings.

Levelling Screws: They are used for setting the instrument.

Clamping Screws: Used for clamping the instrument in either vertical or horizontal plane.

Bench Mark (B.M): These are fixed references point, reduced levels of which are accurately determined by spirit levelling.

Reduced Level (R.L) This is the height or elevation above surface adopted as datum.

Face Left: This is when the vertical circle is to the left of the observer.

Face right: This is where the vertical circle is to the right of the observer.

Beacons: These are permanent survey marks of any kind made of concrete, iron or stone and includes pillars and boundary posts.