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EVALUATION
OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAMME IN SOME SELECTED SCHOOLS IN LOKO
DEVELOPMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE
ABSTRACT
This study tends to evaluate the
guidance and counseling programme in some selected secondary school in Loko Development
Area inspectorate. A questionnaire containing eight (8) items was administered
to 200 students and 15 counselors, total of 215 respondents was used for this
study. 5 research question and forty (40) assumptions were formulated and
answered and tested respectively using simple percentage statistical tool. The
study revealed that guidance and counseling programme has made positive impact
in the life of the student with (77.3%) agree as most of the counselors
organized career week treated them like mothers and fathers and for all advice
and assisted them for career choice on what they will become in future through
subject choice (with 54.1%) even though time for counseling is inadequate with
other problem that may not be avoided, the researcher recommended that adequate
measures should be made for the provision of professional and trained
counselors with good enabling environment for them to work.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Guidance and counselling is a field
of study that has been introduced in our school curriculum in order to produce
professionally trained personnel who will render retentive and problem solving
services to individuals or group in all area of life shows that its services
are needed almost every where both hospitals, nursing home, rehabilitation
centre, schools, banks, social welfare’ units, police stations, church and
mosque e.t.c although here in Nigeria, the services of guidance and counselling
is most pronounced in the schools.
The knowledge of guidance and
counseling is most pronounce who practically applied to students to guide tern
against problem that might arise due to wrong decision making and action and
also aim at proffering solution to existing problems.
The existence of guidance “and counselling
can be said to be as old as mankind, right from creation, man has never been
all-knowing; he lacks knowledge in one things or the other and there fore seeks
help from other people towards the solution of his problems.
Traditionally, the importance of
guidance and counselling can not be over emphasized people sought for advice
and help from other who are more knowledgeable, experienced or rise from
solution of their problems, the traditional counselling could be those men and
women who possessed supernatural power of healing, foreseeing the future and
mediating between man and the god, these people served as consultant and then
preferred solution to most of the problem brought before them due to the
simplicity of man and his environment then.
However, due to the complexity of the environment and the
society at large, the overall philosophy and objectives of the nation of the
word, the service provided by the traditional counseling apparently become
inadequate. Various problems and confusion are encountered by people in all
areas of human Endeavour as Rocher (1991 .1) notes;
With the tremendous increase in the
number of students in the institution of higher learning extremely wide range
of course of study and job opportunities, rapid charging mo/work of work and
great complexity of students needs and problems, there is a definite need for
providing a fine nucleus of guidance and counseling by matured, experience and
professionally qualified person for the development of all the unique
potentialities of the students for individual fulfillment in particular and
social (p1) and natural upliftment in Nigeria.
This fact makes tend to have
professionally trained guidance and counseling personnel in all works of life
especially in our Educational institution very compelling this win minimized
what would have been in mistakes to a very minimal and bearable degree.
From the aforesaid, there is no
doubt that the realization of our Education institution objectives depends
mostly on a full guidance and counseling programme. The Federal Government of
Nigeria is realized its immense importance of therefore is regarded it’s as a
vital tool for the realization of the national objective and clearly state in
that National Policy on Education that;
In view of apparent ignorance of
many young people about career prospects and in view of personality
maladjustment among school children, career offices and counseling will be
appointed in post primary institution. (F.G.N 1998 p43).
Base on this, “counseling is
expected to be on integral cost effective component of the Educational process
aimed at curbing wastage of talent and enhancing appropriate decision making
and personal adjustment”
According to Denga (1986) “it was also envisaged tat by
1980, a school in Nigeria”.
However, in spite of this laudable
gesture by the Federal Government and the higher expectation and aspiration of
people, there seen to have been no impressive impact of Educational
institution. Many students clue to parental, peer groups, societal
(environmental) influenced among other reasons make devastating mistakes that
hamper their happiness in life and add to the already existing societal
problem.
It is therefore very pertinent that
most of the ill and vice in our society should be check through our institutions
of learning to achieve this effort should be made to improve the situation
through guidance and counseling programme school especially in our secondary
school where most of the Educational and societal problems have their
foundation.
To this effort therefore, the
Federal Government of Nigeria come up with the National policy on Education
with, emphasis on the introduction of guidance and counseling in our schools.
This fact gives rise to this study which focuses attention on the evaluation of
guidance and counseling programmes in secondary school in Nasarawa state.
According to the information made
available by Mallam A. in his book titled “Guidance and counselling beginners
guidance (page 11) (2000) the practice of guidance and counselling is not new in
the society right from the creation and early time, the need for man to exist
well in his society and satisfy his wants have been there, man exist in
ignorance and when guided, he performs and achieves his optimum goals.
Also in the traditional society our
fore fathers practiced guidance and counselling, they led their children
through a vocation e.g Fishing, caving, weaving and wood cutting.
But modem guidance and counselling
as practiced now in our school system originated for America in the Late Eighteen
ninety (1890s). It started with complicated environment force couple with
social force such as Family disorganization, mental / health movement programme
the increasing student population problem who terribly, literogeneous terms of
their learning readiness, professional and psychological worries and many other
problems that live of the people.
Frank Parson of Boston viewed the
above problem and saw the need for starting a vocational guidance in 1908 whom
today is regarded as the Father of guidance. Frank Parson wrote a book on
choosing a career or a vocation in 1909.
In his book parson (1908) outlined the three phases in
dealing with problems of vocational choice as follows;
1) Knowing the
person: through understanding of the person through the data collected
about him or her.
2) Knowing the
job: Understanding the work and the nature of the desired job entry
requirement, condition for advancement and other remunerations.
3) Making a match
between the person and job based on a reasoned consideration of the two factor
above
Another notable contributor to the
movement was Jessie B. Danes who applied the process of career in choice laid
down by person to locate himself in teaching profession. In addition he
emphasized the development of character in his book, moral and vocational
guidance services in settle Washington where she helped students to excel in
the stiff competition to find a place in life since then guidance and
counselling as a discipline has been adopted in many countries of the word including
Nigeria by Annay Reed established.
1.2.1 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN NIGERIA
However, the development of guidance
and counselling in Nigeria according to Mallam A. Yakubu (2000) is started at
the close of 1959 when a group of reverend Irish sisters at St. Theresa’s
college, Oko-Ado, ion Ibadan saw the need for vocational guidance of the final
year school. Certificate female student of their college. Then invited twenty
(20) outsiders who were Government officials from the ministries and some
prominent men from Ibadan community to advice them on placing of sixty (60) of
their girls leaving school that December, 1959. These men were not trained
counselors but they definitely know more about the emerging word of work than the
students and the religious sisters. This led to the establishment of Ibadan
career council in 1961. The same body became Nigeria career council in 1967.
According to Akingboye (1907) and
Donga (1983) can be traced back to the effort of the publication in 1977 of the
National policy on Education which under scoped the need for the programme. It
also outlined its significance toward the effective implementation of the
Nation’s now Education policy the 6-3-34 system.
This new system of Education gives
the students an ample opportunity to use the first three years of secondary
school Education to explore all the subject areas both in art and, science to
determine where be or she fits in well. The student is also exposed to
different vocations to make himself retired after his Education. Thus, the
formation of guidance and counselling body called Nigeria career counselling in
1967 for the dissemination of career information and attending to problems
relevant to careers. So to support this white man in 1961 to serve in the
Federal ministry of Education.
This source has it that this
official gesture went a long way to stimulate and guidance and counselling in
the then western Nigeria which has already established an advised teachers
collage at Ibadan that the fist worship on vocational guidance and counselling
in Nigeria was organized in 1961 by the Federal ministry of Education.
From all indication, it can be
deduced that the first indigenous few fledge department of guidance and
counselling in Nigeria started at the University of 1.badan in 1975 and the
inauguration of the counselling association of Nigeria (CASSON) in 1967 at the
some university.
Today, one is glad to observe that
many universities in Nigeria – Ibadan, Jog, Ilorin, Nsuka, Benin, Zaria, Abuja,
among other have programmes for training of guidance and counselling
specialists.
However, there are still some
teaching problems militating against its defective’s growth. Examples of those
problems are: – Lack of fund, lack of office accommodation, and shortage of
training counselors and so on this is fully described in chapter two.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The emergence of guidance and
counselling in our Educational systems is very timely given the type of society
we found ourselves. Despite it’s a numerous advantages to the systems, the
discipline if aced with a lot of problems which are militating against its
effective – hence this research undertake her research work to evaluate the
guidance and counselling programme in some selected secondary schools in Lafia
area inspectorate office, Nasarawa state.
To do this the researcher will seek
the answer to:
1) Area the
trained personnel available?
2) Area the
necessary facilities to make the job of the guidance and counselling effectively
provided?
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study is intended to evaluate
the guidance and counselling programmed in secondary schools under study. To
achieve her objective, the researcher will critically examine the way and
manner the programme is run in the state so- as to:
1. Determine
the extent of development of the programme in the area under study
2. Identify
the major factor affecting the performance in the state.
3. Gives
suggestion on how to improves on the programme.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is important because if
diligently carried out will serve as a tool to identify the extreme of
development of guidance and counselling programme in the state and identify the
major fact that hampers its effectives utilization as one of the Educational
for services iii the realization of the Nation objective utilization as and
goal. The result of the finding will direct all individual or group to the
contribute positively to the realization of the general objective of the new
Educational objectives.
So for, the students; this research
wok will make him enhance and self fulfillment because it will help him to
appreciate the guidance and counselling services and to use it to achieves his
life goals.
For the parents this research work
Will makes tern to re-organized themselves and modify their demands and
expectation on the students in the light of changing friend in the society.
For the principal it will make him
realized that guidance and counseling is a relevant tool to the realization of
Education objectives as contained in the 6-3-3-4 system of Education. It will
also help him to maintain and evaluate attitudes of student to words the
performance. The principal promotes guidance programme for his school e.g he
present the proposals and report to the Government through the ministry of
Education on the require for guidance service in his school.
For Teacher, it will enable him know
his defined roles in the Education of the student and avoid duplication of efforts.
For Government, it will help to have first hand information on the handicaps of
the schools and striver to provide necessary assistance for effective guidance
and counselling programmes.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
In the course of study, the
following are question will be answered.
i.
How Qualified are the counselor?
ii.
Do counselor have enough facilities to work with
iii.
Are student willing to visit the counselors.
iv.
What is the relationship between the counselor and their colleagues in the
school?
v.
Is there enough fund for the counselors to discharge their professional duties.
1.6 ASSUMPTIONS
OF THE STUDY
In this study, the researcher
assumes that:
i.
There are inadequate trained counselors in Nasarawa state.
ii.
There is low level of awareness of the existence and the importance of the
programme among the students in the area under study.
iii.
Counselor lacks private office accommodation and other necessary facilities.
iv.
There is no enough funds and time allocated to counselling is hardly adequate.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The researcher intends to evaluate
the guidance and counselling programme in some selected secondary in Loko
Development Area office Nasarawa states.
For effectiveness some school were
randomly selected in Loko Development Area inspectorate office. They are:
i.
Government secondary school Loko
ii.
Government Junior secondary school Loko
iii.
Government secondary school Aisa
iv.
Government secondary school Aza
However, the target population is
restricted to senior secondary school SSS 1-3
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
OF TERMS
For the purpose of clarification and
easy understanding, the researcher has chosen, to define some of the terms used
in this study as they relate to Education.
GUIDANCE:- Is assistance made available by
personally qualified and adequately trained man and woman to an individual of
any age to help him manage his own activities, develop his own point of views,
maker his own decision and carry his own burden” Crow and Crew (1960).
COUNSELLING:
– A process by which a person with problem is helped by a professional
counselor or voluntarily change his behaviour clarify his attitude, Ideas and
goals so that his problem may be solved” Idowu (1986). It is a one to one face
to face in relationship between a counselor and a client.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING: – This is an Educational service
given to the student to help them most their need, aspirations, objectives and
goals.
COUNSELLOR: – One who is professionally trained
and qualified to provide help toward solving the problem of a trouble person
who cannot cope with his problem alone and need a qualified person to
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