DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GSM BASED PASSIVE INFRARED SECURITY SYSTEM

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GSM BASED PASSIVE INFRARED SECURITY SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Due to the high rate of increase in crime, terrorism and insecurity in the world especially in the country Nigeria, the personal safety of public and private buildings always has become the greatest concern in current day life and this is because in the recent age, many lives and valued properties has being lost as a result of insecurity and various forms of terrorism and crimes in the country and thismotivate us to go into this project work, GSM Based Security System using Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor. Network is always the major challenge in this project work. This project is carried out sourcing for information, needed component, programming and soldering. The word passive means the PIR sensor does not need generate its own energy; it uses energy generated within the environment (ambient temperature) of installation when there is an intruder between three meter within the field to send signal to the microcontroller Atmega328 and the microcontroller send an alarm message wirelessly through the GSM module saying “EMERGENCY!!! There is an intruder in your building” to the mobile number(s) programmed in the Arduino microcontroller through the network of the Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) in the GSM module. The building owner can as well call 911 and report the situation or the GSM module could call 911 depending on the programme or instruction written in the microcontroller.In conclusion, this projectto economize component and maximize security.

Chapter one:  Introduction

1.0       Introduction

Home security system is the best burglar deterrent you can have. Many people don’t think about security at home until it is too late and they have become victims. The prime concern of this project is to provide total security. This microcontroller based home security with door lock system feature can also perform day and night detection, laser beam monitoring system for windows, and magnetic monitoring for doors. Aside of providing total security, this project aims to utilize the homemade circuitry and build a low cost integrated home security system.

‘Digital Security’ gives individuals the freedom to embrace the digital lifestyle to confidently engage in everyday interactions across all digital devices. Digital security affects all aspects of the digital lifestyle, which, among others, comprises computers and the internet, telecommunications, financial transactions, transportation, healthcare, and secure access. Home automation is the residential extension of “building automation”. It is automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Home automation for the elderly and disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care. A home automation system integrates electrical devices in a house with each other. The techniques employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of domestic activities, such as home entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding, changing the ambiance “scenes” for different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic robots. Devices may be connected through a computer network to allow control by a personal computer, and may allow remote access from the internet. Through the integration of information technologies with the home environment, systems and appliances are able to communicate in an integrated manner which results in convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.

The digital home security system designed in this project is built around an AVR microcontroller which is the heart of the system. The system consists of PIR motion sensors that is meant to be mounted at a several strategic point (e.g. doors or windows) The system incorporates an alarm system that consists of a buzzer that sounds whenever there is a security issue and a GSM module that sends an SMS message to the house owner automatically to alert him/her of the security issue.

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Crime rate in the world is of a great increase in the recent years. In the world today, it’s a fact that crimes against property and human lives are not only increasing, they’re moving more and more frequently into the suburbs and areas away from the city center to even local areas and homes. Installing a reliable home security system may be the best decision any person would ever have made especially in a country like Nigeria where the rate of insecurity of lives and properties are highly increasing. For this reasons, there exists a number of security systems in the world that works in a number of application principles. The discovery of the burglaries alarm system is a great innovation in the crime for intrusion into a given structure this was done by Boston in 1852. The discovery is a great trend to the today’s security systems. The various problems, disadvantages and failures offered by many types of security system is the major lead to the implementation of this project as it aims to provide the most reliable system of security available by utilizing the principles of access control using biometric principle which is the most reliable method of controlling access into a given restricted area.

1.2       AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.2.1    AIM OF THE STUDY

This project is aimed at providing a reliable security in a given building against intrusion and other physical security challenges in a given vehicle. This is achieved by incorporating a PIR motion sensor detector to a microcontroller to detect unauthorized persons trying to gain access into the building. The system will sound an alarm and also send a short message to the owner reporting the security situation using a GSM module.

1.2.2    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The project is embarked on with the following objectives;

• To provide digital security that can prevent burglaries and inversions in the building.
• Providing a burglary alarm system that provides alert to the user whenever there is a security issue in the building.

MOTIVATION

There are many pre-existing types of home security systems in the world today that tend to provide a reliable security of properties against intrusion and emergencies that may occur at any given time. The various types of home security systems available have one or more limitations which include high cost, low efficiency, low reliability and many more. The digital home security systems designed in this project combines the advantages offered by the various forms of home security systems and removes the disadvantages they offer by providing a GSM network interfacing with the system to always report the security situation at all-time no matter where he/she is.

1.4       CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

• Development of a customized firmware for the Microcontroller Unit
• Develop hardware interface using Atmega328 based.
• Interface Arduino mini to PIR sensor, module
• InterfaceAtmega328 with SIM800L (GSM module)
• Design and customized casing.

1.5       SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF PROJECT

The implementation of this project is limited to a network coverage area of a particular network provider. Some of the area of application includes homes, industries and for commercial applications. The digital home security system designed in the project finds applications in a building where there are maximum of two entrance and exit points. For commercial application, the system will only need to be provided with additional sensors to provide wider coverage of secured points.

The implementation of this project is limited to a network coverage area of a particular network provider

 1.6       STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT

Chapter one of the report present Introduction to Project, background and justification, Aim of Research, Objectives, Motivation, Contribution to Knowledge, Scope and Limitation of Project, and Structure of the Report. Chapter two will look at literature of Implementation of GSM Based Security system. Chapter three adopt engineering methodology, and then implementing the methodology of the research. Chapter four sections discuss Test Result, all measurement and analysis will be carrying out in this chapter and Chapter five States the Conclusion, Project Appraisal and Recommendation for the implementation of the GSM Based Security System.