TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

BS 3811 categorizes building maintenance by means of the following terms and definitions.

i. Planned maintenance: The maintenance organized and carried out with forethought, control and the use of records to a predetermined plan

ii. Unplanned maintenance: The plan carried out to no predetermined plan. It refers to work necessitated by unforeseen breakdown or damages. For example, the ripping – off a building, through the action of a storm, and its remedial action constitute unforeseen damage’s. It can also be termed unexpected and unavoidable maintenance.

iii. Preventive maintenance: The maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or corresponding to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the performance degradation of an item.

iv. Corrective maintenance: The maintenance carried out after a failure has occurred and intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform its required function.

v. Emergency maintenance: The maintenance which it is necessary to put in hand immediately to avoid serious consequences. This is referred to as day to day maintenance, resulting from such incidents as gas leaks and gate damage.

vi. Condition based maintenance: The preventive maintenance initiated as a result of knowledge of the condition of an item from routine or continuous monitoring.

vii. Scheduled maintenance: The preventive maintenance carried out to a predetermined interval of time, number of operations, mileage.

viii. Running Maintenance: Maintenance which can be carried out whilst an item is in service.

At one end is deferred maintenance, which occurs when projects are identified as necessary but put off due to lack of resources. Next along the continuum are unplanned activated including emergency maintenance, such as restoring lost electrical power, and corrective and maintenance such as fixing a broken window. Emergency and corrective maintenance occur as the need arises neither is planned far in advance.

Planned maintenance follows on the continuum, although the maintenance categories are not mutually exclusive. General maintenance is the up keep of building components to restore them to their original conditions or to keep them in good working condition. Preventive maintenance follows on the continuum.

Preventive maintenance: is a planned program of periodic inspections, adjustments and replacements. Preventive maintenance means the regularly scheduled repair and maintenance needed to keep a building component operating at peak efficiency and extend its useful life. It includes scheduled activities intended to prevent break downs, such as periodic inspections, lubrication calibrations’ and replacement of equipment. Replacing filters in an air handling unit on a regularly scheduled basis is an example of preventive maintenance, because prolonging the life of major building systems required periodic replacement of equipment, preventive maintenance typically required both capital and operating expenditures. Preserving these assets including the building’s rooting plumbing, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, electrical systems, extensors – is a primary objective behind preventive maintenance.

A step beyond that is proactive maintenance, a highly structured practice that uses information from analyzing equipment to identify origins, not just symptoms, of equipment problems. Proactive maintenance would, for example, identify whether excessive wear resulted from defective installation, unsuitable design or some other cause, because it addresses the root sources of equipment problems, proactive maintenance eliminates recurring problems and the down tune and other costs associated with those recurrences.

Maintenance work has also been categorized as predictable and avoidable: predictable maintenance is regular periodic work that may be necessary to retain the performance characteristics of a product, as well as that required to replace or repair the product after it has achieved a useful lifespan.

Avoidable maintenance is the work required to rectify failures caused by poor design incorrect installation or the use of faculty materials.

Another approach to maintenance classification has been adopted by Speight (1982) as cited in Seely (1987), according to Cobbinah, 2010) subdivided maintenance into three broad categories.

1. Major repair or restoration: Such as re-roofing or rebuilding defective walls and often incorporating an element of improvement.

2. Periodic maintenance a typical example being annual contracts for decorations and the like.

3. Routine or day – to – day maintenance: This is largely of the preventive types, such as checking rainwater gutter and servicing maintenance and clerical installations.