COMMUNITY POLICING AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING CRIME IN ZAMFARA STATE

 COMMUNITY POLICING AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING CRIME IN ZAMFARA STATE

ABSTRACT

This study sought to assess community policing and its effectiveness in reducing crime in Zamfara State. Specifically the study intended to identify the community policing strategies used by the Police force to reduce crime, assessing the Impact of Community Policing in reducing Crime, identifying challenges facing  Police Force in administering the Community Policing and evaluating the  effectiveness of community policing on crime reduction. A case study research design was employed in which Zamfara State was taken as a case study. A total of 50 respondents were selected. The study used interview and questionnaires as  data collecting tools. This study found that the main strategies used by police force to reduce crime  includes; foot patrol, collaboration and community meetings, door-to-door visits and  public education programs. Community policing has no impact on reducing crimes as employed strategies such as Door-to-Door Visits, foot patrol, Community meetings and public education programs have no effects in addressing the crime.  Lack of training for officers on community engagement philosophy and methods,  lack of good quality information about crime provided to communities, lack  involvement in the initiative's design, implementation, and monitoring and expanded  decision making by line officers, lack understanding co-operation, poorly planned  engagement leads to unrealistic community expectations, lack of organizational  commitment and culture change, community engagement, flexibility and tailoring at  neighborhood level are the main challenges that are faced by Police Force in  administering the Community Policing. Finally the researcher recommends community engagement to be part of core work.  Communities must participate in planning and choosing approaches as well as becoming equal owners of the process. Both the Police Force and communities need  to have clearly defined roles and be given the skills and resources to carry it out. Partnerships to involve two-way dialogue and good quality information and feedback;  the police must value community input there is a need to adequate resources allocation  by the government for training and capacity building.This study sought to assess community policing and its effectiveness in reducing crime in Zamfara State. Specifically the study intended to identify the community policing strategies used by the Police force to reduce crime, assessing the Impact of Community Policing in reducing Crime, identifying challenges facing  Police Force in administering the Community Policing and evaluating the  effectiveness of community policing on crime reduction. A case study research design was employed in which Zamfara State was taken as a case study. A total of 50 respondents were selected. The study used interview and questionnaires as  data collecting tools. This study found that the main strategies used by police force to reduce crime  includes; foot patrol, collaboration and community meetings, door-to-door visits and  public education programs. Community policing has no impact on reducing crimes as employed strategies such as Door-to-Door Visits, foot patrol, Community meetings and public education programs have no effects in addressing the crime.  Lack of training for officers on community engagement philosophy and methods,  lack of good quality information about crime provided to communities, lack  involvement in the initiative's design, implementation, and monitoring and expanded  decision making by line officers, lack understanding co-operation, poorly planned  engagement leads to unrealistic community expectations, lack of organizational  commitment and culture change, community engagement, flexibility and tailoring at  neighborhood level are the main challenges that are faced by Police Force in  administering the Community Policing. Finally the researcher recommends community engagement to be part of core work.  Communities must participate in planning and choosing approaches as well as becoming equal owners of the process. Both the Police Force and communities need  to have clearly defined roles and be given the skills and resources to carry it out. Partnerships to involve two-way dialogue and good quality information and feedback;  the police must value community input there is a need to adequate resources allocation  by the government for training and capacity building.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background Of The Study

Community policing aims to reduce crime and disorder, enhance the quality of life, and improve police-community relations through community engagement, problem-solving, and organizational transformation (Community Policing Consortium, 1994). It involves collaboration between the police and the public, emphasizing shared responsibility for public safety. By consulting communities, adapting operations to local conditions, mobilizing resources, and fostering problem-solving strategies, community policing promotes a proactive approach to law enforcement (Bayley, 1994; Goldstein, 1990). This philosophy has been widely adopted in developing countries, including Tanzania, where the police force has implemented strategies such as community police officers and neighborhood watch programs to enhance security (Southern Africa Extension Unit and Community Policing Section, 2006; Tibaigana, 2006).

The success of community policing depends on cooperation among multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, non-governmental organizations, community groups, and individuals (P.G.O. No. 1 Para 9). Effective policing requires collaboration without compromising professional performance. Crime remains a significant barrier to development, as poorly planned development contributes to criminal activities, threatening security, democracy, governance, and human rights (UN Office of Drugs & Crime, 2005). The United Nations recognizes that addressing crime is essential for sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of community-centered security strategies to mitigate crime and social disorder.

Security encompasses both short-term and long-term strategies to protect citizens and maintain social order (Thom-Otuya, 2017). The state's primary responsibility is to ensure security through various agencies, including the police, military, and other law enforcement bodies (Nwaubani, Okechukwu, Anyikwa, & Dominic, 2014). Within a civil environment, the police play a crucial role in maintaining law and order, and their effectiveness depends on collaboration with the public. The Nigerian Constitution mandates the police to protect lives and property, highlighting the importance of a community-oriented approach to security (Nweke, 2011; Njoku, 2012). Without active public cooperation, law enforcement efforts may be limited, making community engagement essential for crime detection and prevention.

Community policing in Zamfara State emphasizes values such as integrity, professionalism, accountability, and partnership to improve service delivery (Zamfara State Police Force, 2017). These principles align with South Africa's core elements of community policing, which focus on service orientation, partnership, problem-solving, empowerment, and accountability (Republic of South Africa, 2013). The shift from a state-centered security approach to a community-driven model underscores the need for joint responsibility in crime prevention. This study assesses the effectiveness of community policing in reducing crime in Zamfara State, exploring its impact on public safety and the overall security framework (Njoku, 2012).

1.2       Statement of the problem

Community policing remains an important program as it emphasizes proactive problem solving to prevent and otherwise control crime (Sparrow, Moore and Kennedy 1990). The goals of community policing are to reduce crime and disorder, promote citizens‟ quality of life in communities, reduce fear of crime and improve police citizen relations. Despite the introduction of Community Policing in Zamfara State, crime and the cases of crime are fast becoming a serious problem to governments; as such there were debates on its effectiveness on crime reduction as there have been several cases of such throughout the nation as well as in Kaduna state in particular. The high rate of crime in Zamfara State are of great  concern, highlighted profiles on major crime trends and magnitudes experienced by residents include kidnapping, Banditry, Cattle rustling, assaults, violence against women, and youths etc. Coupled with this, there is no much studies documented on effectiveness of community policing on crime prevention in Zamfara State. Hence the purpose of this study is to assess community policing and its effectiveness in crime reduction in Zamfara State.

1.3       Objectives of the study

The main objective of the study was to assess community policing and its effectiveness in crime reduction in Zamfara State.

Specifically this study intended;

         i.            To identify the community policing strategies used by Police force to reduce crime 

       ii.            To assess the impact of Community Policing in reducing Crime 

     iii.            To identify challenges encountered by the Police Force in administering the  Community Policing 

1.4       Research questions

The specific questions included;

                                i.                   What community policing strategies are used by the Police force to reduce crime?

                              ii.                   What impact does community policing have in reducing Crime?

                            iii.                   What challenges are encountered by the police force in administering the  community policing?

 

 

1.5       Significance of the study

This study will contribute to understanding of challenges and effective strategies that can foster for the reduction of crime in the Zamfara State community. This is particular for the Police Force in Zamfara State which is fully responsible for crime reduction and elimination. The study is also of great importance to researchers in areas of community policing, crimes and crime prevention as it lays down the foundation by providing adequate literature and findings on the areas. 

The study findings are great value to policy makers in Zamfara State as they can help in guiding  formulation of policies and strategies to facilitate the crime reduction. Policy makers are always interested in quantifying program outcomes and thus such impact study will help future program design of police force in improving the provision of services to citizens.

The community is the major beneficiary of crime prevention initiatives. These findings  will contribute to keeping citizens well informed, involving them in ongoing planning and  implementation, soliciting their input and suggestions, and encouraging feedback in all  areas of implementation.   Finally the whole work is a dissertation that contributes to completion of a masters degree.  The study promotes the researcher to pegging of the new body of knowledge to the  existing one as well as enabling the researcher in partial fulfillment for the requirements  for award of master in public administration.

1.6       Scope and Delimitation of the study

The study process encountered several limitations. One major limitation centers on  participation of respondents. Policing issues are sensitive hence some community members were reluctant in provision of information by fearing that they may have been caught by police force. The second major limitation related to distribution and collection of questionnaires. This consumed a lot of time than planed due to reluctance by the respondents to fill them and return them. Thirdly financial limitations particularly for following up the respondents posed a significant snag. However due to the importance of the study and the commitment laid down by the researcher for achieving this result all available means were used to get data, analyze and report them in this dissertation.

Delimitation of the study

Community policing is a broad and multifaceted concept. The researcher therefore concentrated in particular on the effect of community policing on crime prevention in Zamfara State. It also examined the community role and initiative in community policing. The concept of crime prevention, it strategies, its challenges and its significance also formed  part of the scope of this study.

1.7       Definition of Key Terms

Crime prevention: Crime prevention is central to the concept and ultimate goal of community policing  (Skolnick and Bayley, 2018) and will have long term benefits (Segrave and Ratcliffe,  2014).

Community: It is refers to a physical concentration of individuals in one locality, and/or social organization among a concentration of individuals that possess a particular quality of relationships (Warbuton 2018). 

Community policing: The Community Policing Consortium defines community policing as “a collaborative  effort between the police and the community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these  problems.”

EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKET ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR

EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKET ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study

The digital space allows businesses to connect with their audience in real-time, engage with their preferences, and influence purchasing decisions. According to Statista (2018), more than 2.62 billion people were active social media users by 2018, representing an invaluable market for businesses to leverage. The dynamic nature of these platforms enables consumers to interact with brands, give feedback, share opinions, and ultimately influence others' purchasing decisions. Social media has essentially democratized marketing, allowing smaller companies to compete with larger corporations by creating viral campaigns and leveraging influencers to build trust and credibility.

Social media has become an integral part of modern society, and its impact on consumer behavior has been widely studied. Social media is defined as a group of internet-based applications that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Social media marketing (SMM) is a type of internet marketing that uses social media platforms to achieve marketing communication and branding goals.

Social media also provides an opportunity for consumers to compare price, quality, features, services, and usability of products and services offered by different companies of the same kind (Rafiq Y &Javeid U, 2014).

In Nigeria, social media has had a profound impact on consumer behavior, especially as internet penetration increases. The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) reported that by the end of 2019, internet penetration had reached 61.2% of the population. With the surge of internet and smart-phone usage, Nigerian consumers have increasingly turned to social media platforms not only for social interaction but also for engaging with brands. This growing trend has prompted businesses in Nigeria, including LG Electronics, to adopt social media marketing as part of their strategic approach to enhance customer engagement, brand awareness, and ultimately influence consumer purchasing decisions.

Several studies have been conducted to assess the impact of social media on consumer buying behavior, purchase intention, purchase decision, customer satisfaction, and online shopping behavior from the perspectives of customers all over the world (Jeenefa, L. et al., 2022). Asma and Misbah (n.d.) have presented a linked relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying behavior, showing that social media marketing is an effective marketing tool that affects the perception of customers and ultimately influences their purchase decision.

Despite the growing body of research on the impact of social media on consumer behavior, there is still a lack of research on the trend of social media impact when buying a product online. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior in LG Electronics customer service centreIdu,Abuja. The study is used to analyze the effect of purchase intention, social network, social influence, and content marketing (Neupane, 2021). This suggests that consumer buying behavior can be influenced by focusing on social network, social influence, and content marketing.

LG Electronics Inc. headquartered in Seoul South Korea,is a global leader in consumer electronics,home appliances, and mobile communications. Established in 1958,LG has a long history of innovation and technological advancement, contributing significantly to the global electronics market.The company’s product portfolio includes televisions,refrigerators,washing machines,air conditioners,and smart phones,all renowned for their quality and technological sophistication.

The LG Electronics customer service centreIdu,situated in Abuja,Nigeria’s capital city, plays a crucial role in the company’s supply chain operations in West Africa. This warehouse functions as a central distribution hub for LG products, serving both regional retailers and direct consumers. The strategic location in Abuja allows LG Electronics to efficiently manage its product distribution across Nigeria,ensuring timely delivery and availability of its products in the market.

Consumer behavior is highly influenced by a variety of factors, and social media marketing is at the forefront of driving these behaviors. According to research conducted by Yadav and Rahman (2018), social media marketing directly impacts consumers’ attitudes, awareness, and purchasing intentions. The growing prevalence of e-commerce, particularly in Africa, underscores the importance of understanding these dynamics. In Nigeria, consumers are increasingly relying on social media for product recommendations, reviews, and even direct purchases through ads and links provided on these platforms.

This study seeks to analyze how social media marketing influences consumer buying behavior, specifically focusing on LG Electronics' customer service center in Idu, Abuja. By examining key elements such as brand awareness, consumer engagement, social proof, and targeted advertising, this research aims to provide insights into how LG Electronics has leveraged social media to impact its consumers’ purchase decisions.

Inventory Management: Efficient inventory management is pivotal to the operations of the LG Electronics customer service centreIdu.The warehouse is responsible for overseeing a diverse range of LG products,from large appliances like refrigerators and washing machines to smaller electronics and accessories.Effective inventory management ensures that products are available to meet consumer demand without overstocking or stock-outs.

Order Fulfillment: The process of order fulfillment involves receiving, processing, and delivering orders from various channels. For LG Electronics, this includes orders from retailers, wholesalers, and individual consumers. The customer service centre has the ability to handle high volumes of orders accurately and promptly is critical to maintaining customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.

Logistics and Distribution:Logistics management encompasses the transportation and distribution of products from the warehouse to the final destination. The LG Electronics customer service centreIdu, coordinates with logistics providers to ensure that products are delivered on time and in good condition. This involves managing transportation routes, optimizing delivery schedules, and addressing any logistical challenges that may arise.

Customer Service:Providing exceptional customer service is a key aspect of the warehouse’s operations. This includes addressing customer inquiries, handling complaints,and resolving issues related to product availability, delivery,and returns.Effective customer service helps build trust and loyalty among consumers,contributing to a positive brand image.Social media marketing involves using social media platforms to promote products,engage with customers, and build brand awareness.This form of marketing leverages the interactive nature of social media to create meaningful connections with consumers.For LG Electronics, social media marketing offers several advantages.

Enhanced Brand Visibility:Social media platforms provide a broad audience reach, allowing LG Electronics to increase brand visibility and recognition. Regular and engaging content helps the brand stay top of mind among consumers making it more likely that they will consider LG products when making purchasing decisions.
Direct Consumer Engagement:Social media allows for direct interaction between LG Electronics and its customers. Engaging content,timely responses to customer inquiries, and interactive features such as polls and contests foster a more personal connection with the audience. This engagement can lead to increased consumer loyalty and higher conversion rates.

Targeted Advertising: Social media platforms offer advanced targeting options that enable LG Electronics to reach specific demographics, interests, and behaviors.This precision ensures that marketing messages are relevant to the target audience, increasing the likelihood of conversion. For example, LG can target ads based on geographic location, age,interests,and previous interactions with the brand.

Influencer’s Marketing:Collaborating with influencers who have a significant following on social media can amplify LG Electronics reach and credibility. Influencer can endorse LG products,share personal experiences,and provide authentic reviews, which can influence their followers purchasing decisions.This form of marketing leverages the trust and rapport influencers have with their audience.

Social Proof and Peer Influence: Social media is a platform where consumers often share their experiences and opinions about products. Positive reviews, testimonials,and user generated content serve as social proof that can influence potential buyers.Seeing others endorse LG products can significantly impact consumer trust and decision making.

Impulse Buying:Social media’s immediacy and features like shoppable posts and limited time offers can drive impulse buying behavior.Consumers who encounter appealing promotions or product showcases on social media may make quick purchasing decisions, driven by the urgency and convenience of the platform.

Consumer Feedback and Adaptation:Social media provides a platform for consumers to voice their feedback,which can be valuable for LG Electronics.By monitoring and responding to consumer feedback,LG can adapt its marketing strategies,address issues,and enhance customer satisfaction.This responsiveness can strengthen the brand's relationship with its audience and improve overall marketing effectiveness.

The integration of social media marketing into LG Electronics strategy at the Warehouse Idu in Abuja has the potential to significantly impact consumer buying behavior.By leveraging the strengths of social media,LG can enhance brand awareness,foster consumer engagement,and drive sales.The effectiveness of these strategies can be assessed through various metrics,including engagement rates,conversion rates,and customer feedback.

Increased Brand Awareness:Social media campaigns that highlight LG’s product features, innovations, and promotions can enhance brand awareness among consumers in Abuja. This increased visibility can influence consumer perceptions and increase the likelihood of choosing LG products over competitors.

Enhanced Consumer Engagement:Interactive social media content, such as live demonstrations,Q&A sessions, and user generated content campaigns, can create a more engaging experience for consumers. This engagement can lead to a stronger connection with the brand and a higher propensity to make a purchase.

Social Proof and Influencer Impact:Positive reviews and endorsements from influencer can build consumer trust and credibility for LG Electronics.Consumers are more likely to be influenced by recommendations from trusted sources and peers,which can affect their buying decisions.

Targeted Advertising and Conversion: Social media advertising that is tailored to specific audience segments can improve the relevance of marketing messages and increase conversion rates. By targeting ads to individuals who are most likely to be interested in LG products,the company can optimize its marketing efforts and drive more sales.

Impulse Buying and Promotional Offers:Social media promotions and limited time offers can encourage impulse buying behavior.By creating a sense of urgency and showcasing appealing products,LG can drive immediate sales and capitalize on consumers spontaneous purchasing decisions.

Consumer Feedback and Brand Adaptation: Actively engaging with consumer feedback on social media allows LG Electronics to address concerns, improve its offerings,and refine its marketing strategies.This responsiveness can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty,leading to positive word-of-mouth and repeat business.

The background of the study highlights the critical role of social media marketing in shaping consumer buying behavior for LG Electronics customer service centreIdu in Abuja. By leveraging the capabilities of social media, LG can enhance brand visibility engagement with consumers,and drive sales. The operational aspects of the warehouse,combined with effective social media marketing strategies,can contribute to a deeper understanding of consumer behavior and inform future marketing efforts.As social media continues to evolve, the insights gained from this study will be valuable in optimizing marketing strategies and achieving business objectives.

1.2:Statement of the Problem

Social media has become an important source of information for consumers, providing comfort, effectiveness, and credibility (Evans, D.). Studies have shown that social media is an effective platform for gathering information and advice (Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B.) and for meeting specialized consumer needs (Khanna, U., 2016). Social media has also been found to have a significant impact on consumer buying behavior by increasing participation and providing social and viral capabilities. However, most prior research on the impact of social media on consumer buying behavior has been conducted in developed countries, and there is limited research on the topic in developing countries like Nigeria.

The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the effect of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior in LG Electronics customer service Idu,Abuja, and will have significant implications for marketers seeking to leverage social media to drive consumer engagement and purchasing decisions.

Key Issues Addressed by the Research:
i.Lack of Targeted Insights:Although LG Electronics has implemented social media marketing strategies,there is insufficient data on how these strategies specifically impact consumer behavior at the customer service Idu in Abuja.Understanding how different aspects of social media marketing such as brand awareness campaigns,consumer engagement, targeted advertising,and influencer collaborations affect buying behavior is essential for tailoring marketing efforts to meet local market needs effectively.

ii.Effectiveness of Social Media Campaigns:Social media platforms offer various tools and features for marketing,including paid ads,influencer partnerships,and user-generated content.However,the effectiveness of these tools in driving consumer behavior and sales for LG Electronics in Abuja remains under explored. There is a need to evaluate how these marketing strategies translate into actual consumer actions, such as purchasing decisions,brand loyalty,and customer engagement.

iii.Consumer Engagement and Loyalty:Engaging with consumers through social media can foster a deeper connection with the brand.However,the specific impact of consumer engagement on purchasing behavior and loyalty for LG products in Abuja needs to be examined. Understanding the nature of consumer interactions with LG’s social media content and how these interactions influence buying decisions is crucial for improving engagement strategies and building long term customer relationships.

iv.Social Proof and Trust:Social proof, including reviews and testimonials, plays a significant role in influencing consumer decisions. The extent to which social proof from LG’s social media channels impacts consumer trust and purchasing behavior in Abuja needs to be investigated. This includes evaluating how user-generated content and peer reviews affect consumer perceptions and decisions regarding LG products.



v.Targeted Advertising and Conversion Rates:Social media platforms provide advanced targeting options that allow businesses to reach specific audience segments.However,the effectiveness of targeted advertising in converting social media interactions into sales for LG Electronics in Abuja remains unclear.Analyzing the impact of targeted ads on consumer behavior,including conversion rates and ROI,is essential for optimizing advertising strategies.

vi.Influencer Marketing Impact:Influencer marketing has become a prominent strategy for reaching and engaging with consumers.The influence of collaborations with social media influencer on consumer preferences and buying behavior for LG products in Abuja needs to be explored. Understanding how influencer endorsements affect consumer trust and purchasing decisions will provide insights into the effectiveness of this marketing approach.

vii.Impulse Buying Behavior:Social media’s immediacy and promotional features can drive impulse buying. Examining how social media promotions, shoppable posts,and limited time offers influence impulse buying behavior among consumers of LG Electronics in Abuja will provide valuable insights into consumer purchasing patterns and the effectiveness of promotional strategies.

viii.Consumer Feedback and Adaptation:Social media platforms offer a space for consumers to provide feedback on products and services. How LG Electronics utilizes consumer feedback to adapt its marketing strategies and improve customer satisfaction in Abuja needs to be assessed.This includes evaluating the impact of responsive customer service and feedback management on consumer loyalty and brand perception.

1. Research Questions
   To guide this investigation, several research questions have been formulated. These questions are designed to address the key aspects of social media marketing that may influence consumer behavior and to uncover the underlying factors that drive purchasing decisions in this specific context.
2. How does social media marketing influence brand awareness among consumers of LG Electronics in Abuja?
3. What role does consumer engagement on social media play in influencing purchasing decisions for LG Electronics products in Abuja?
4. To what extent do social proof and peer influence on social media affect consumer trust and purchasing behavior for LG Electronics products in Abuja?
5. How effective is targeted advertising on social media in driving conversions and sales for LG Electronics products in Abuja?

1.4 Objective of the Study
The main objective is to explore and analyze the effect of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior in the context of LG Electronics customer service centreIdu,Abuja. While the specific objectives are:

i. To Assess the Effect of Social Media Marketing on Brand Awareness:The first objective of this study is to evaluate how social media marketing strategies employed by LG Electronics influence brand awareness among consumers in Abuja. This involves examining the effectiveness of different types of content, including promotional posts, productshowcases, and brand messaging, in increasing consumer recognition and recall of the LG brand. The objective is to determine whether a higher level of brand awareness correlates with an increased likelihood of purchase.

ii.To Analyze the Role of Consumer Engagement in Influencing Purchasing Decisions: Consumer engagement on social media platforms is critical for building a relationship between the brand and its audience. This objective seeks to analyze the extent to which consumer engagement through likes,shares,comments,and direct interactions influences purchasing decisions for LG products in Abuja.It will explore whether increased engagement leads to greater trust in the brand and a higher propensity to make a purchase.

iii.To Examine the Impact of Social Proof and Peer Influence on Consumer Trust and Purchasing Behavior:Social proof,such as reviews, testimonialsand endorsements,plays a significant role in shaping consumer trust and decision making.This objective aims to examine how social proof and peer influence on social media platforms impact consumer trust in LG Electronics and how this,in turn,influences their purchasing behavior.The focus will be on understanding how positive user-generated content and peer recommendations affect consumers decisions to buy LG products.

iv.To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Targeted Advertising on Social Media in Driving Sales:Targeted advertising allows businesses to reach specific segments of the market based on demographics,interests,and behaviors. This objective will evaluate the effectiveness of LG Electronics targeted advertising campaigns on social media in driving conversions and sales in Abuja.The goal is to assess how well-targeted ads resonate with the audience and whether they lead to measurable increases in sales.

v.To Investigate the Influence of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior:Influencer marketing has become a powerful tool in reaching and persuading consumers.This objective seeks to investigate the influence of collaborations with social media influencers on consumer buying behavior for LG products in Abuja. It will explore whether endorsements from influencers lead to increased consumer trust, higher sales, and identify the characteristics of influencers that resonate most with the target audience.

vi.To Determine the Role of Social Media Promotions and Shoppable Posts in Encouraging Impulse Buying:Social media platforms often feature promotions and shoppable posts that encourage immediate purchasing decisions. This objective aims to determine the role these promotional strategies play in encouraging impulse buying among consumers of LG Electronics in Abuja.It will assess the effectiveness of limited time offers,discountsand shoppable content in driving spontaneous purchases and identify factors that trigger impulse buying.

vii.To Analyze the Impact of Consumer Feedback on Social Media on LG Electronics Marketing Strategies:Consumer feedback on social media provides valuable insights into customer preferences and satisfaction. This objective will analyze how LG Electronics uses consumer feedback gathered from social media platforms to refine its marketing strategies and improve its product offerings in Abuja.The study will explore the extent to which responsive customer service and feedback-driven adaptations contribute to consumer loyalty and brand perception.
viii.To Understand the Influence of Abuja’s Cultural Context on the Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing:Cultural factors play a significant role in consumer behavior and the reception of marketing messages.This objective seeks to understand how the cultural context of Abuja influences the effectiveness of LG Electronics social media marketing strategies.The goal is to identify cultural nuances that affect consumer responses to social media content and to provide recommendations on how LG can tailor its marketing approach to better align with the local market.

1.5: Statement of Hypotheses

H01: Social media marketing does not significantly influence brand awareness among consumers of LG Electronics customer service center Idu in Abuja.

H02: Consumer engagement on social media does not significantly influence purchasing decisions for LG Electronics products in Abuja.

H03: Social proof and peer influence on social media do not significantly affect consumer trust and purchasing behavior for LG Electronics products in Abuja.

H04:Targeted advertising on social media does not significantly drive conversions and sales for LG Electronics products in Abuja.

The null hypotheses presented in this section provide a foundational basis for empirical testing within the study. By systematically evaluating each hypothesis, the research aims to uncover the underlying dynamics between social media marketing and customer service center in the context of LG Electronics Warehouse IDU, Abuja. The outcomes of these tests will contribute to a deeper understanding of effective marketing strategies and offer actionable insights for enhancing costumer engagement and driving sales.

1.6. Scope of the Study
The scope of this study delineates the boundaries within which the research will be conducted, focusing on specific aspects of social media marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior in the context of LG Electronics customer service centreIdu,Abuja.Establishing the scope is crucial for maintaining a clear and focused investigation,ensuring that the research objectives are addressed comprehensively within the defined parameters.

Geographical Scope:This study is geographically limited to Abuja,the capital city of Nigeria,with a specific focus on the operations of LG Electronics customer service centreIdu,Abuja, being a major urban center,provides a dynamic market environment that is representative of the diverse consumer base in Nigeria.The choice of LG Electronics customer service centreIdu in Abuja as the focal point allows for a detailed examination of consumer behavior in a specific,localized setting, offering insights that can be generalized to similar urban markets within Nigeria.

Industry Focus:The study concentrates on the electronics industry,with LG Electronics as the primary case study.LG Electronics is a globally recognized brand with a strong presence in Nigeria,particularly in the consumer electronics sector.The focus on LG Electronics provides a relevant and robust context for examining the influence of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior,as the brand engages extensively in digital marketing strategies.The findings of this study will be particularly valuable to businesses within the electronics industry, offering specific insights into how social media can be leveraged to influence consumer buying behavior in this sector.

Social Media Platforms:The study will explore the impact of various social media platforms on consumer buying behavior,including but not limited to Facebook,Instagram,Twitter,and YouTube.These platforms have been selected due to their popularity and widespread use among Nigerian consumers,particularly in urban areas like Abuja.Each platform offers unique features and opportunities for marketing,and this study will analyze how LG Electronics utilizes these platforms to engage with consumers,build brand awarenessand drive sales.The research will also consider the role of emerging platforms and trends within the social media landscape.

Target Audience:The target audience for this study includes consumers who interact with LG Electronics through social media platforms and who are part of the Abuja market.This demographic includes individuals from various age groups, income levels,and social backgrounds, reflecting the diverse consumer base in Abuja. The study will particularly focus on understanding the behavior of tech savvy consumers who are more likely to engage with brands online and whose purchasing decisions are influenced by digital marketing efforts.

Time Frame:The study will cover a time frame of the last five years, from2019 to 2024.This period has been selected to capture the evolution of social media marketing strategies and consumer behavior trends within a relatively recent and relevant context.The five year span allows for an analysis of both long term trends and more immediate impacts of specific social media campaigns carried out by LG Electronics.It also encompasses significant global events,such as the COVID-19 pandemic,which influenced consumer behavior and digital marketing practices.

1.7Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to provide valuable insights into the impact of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior,specifically within the context of LG Electronics customer service centre Idu in Abuja.As social media continues to dominate the digital marketing landscape,understanding its influence on consumer decisions is crucial for businesses seeking to maintain a competitive edge.This study offers several significant contributions to the fields of marketing, business administration, and consumer behavior, as well as practical implications for LG Electronics and other businesses operating in similar markets.

Practical Implications for LG Electronics: For LG Electronics, the findings from this study will be directly applicable to their marketing strategies and operations at the customer service centreIdu in Abuja. The insights gained from this research will help LG Electronics better understand how their social media marketing efforts are perceived by consumers and how these efforts translate into actual purchasing decisions. By identifying the most effective social media strategies,LG Electronics can optimize their marketing campaigns to increase brand awareness,enhance consumer engagement,and ultimately drive sales.Additionally,the study will provide recommendations on how LG Electronics can leverage social proof, influencers marketing,and targeted advertising to improve consumer trust and conversion rates.

Impact on Consumer Engagement Strategies: Understanding consumer engagement is critical for businesses aiming to build long term relationships with their customers. This study will shed light on how different forms of engagement on social media such as likes,shares, comments,and direct interactions affect consumer buying behavior.The findings will be useful for LG Electronics in refining their engagement strategies to foster stronger connections with their audience.By creating more personalized and interactive experiences on social media,LG Electronics can increase consumer loyalty and encourage repeat purchases.

Insights into Social Proof and Peer Influence: Social proof and peer influence are powerful drivers of consumer behavior.This study will explore how reviews,testimonials,and user generated content on social media influence consumer trust in LG Electronics and their purchasing decisions.The research will provide insights into the types of social proof that resonate most with consumers in Abuja,enabling LG Electronics to strategically utilize these elements to build trust and credibility. This knowledge can also be applied by other businesses seeking to enhance their online reputation and influence consumer decisions through social proof.

Optimization of Targeted Advertising: Targeted advertising is a key feature of social media platforms,allowing businesses to reach specific audience segments with tailored messages.This study will evaluate the effectiveness of targeted advertising in driving conversions and sales for LG Electronics in Abuja.The findings will offer practical recommendations on how to optimize targeting parameters, and content,and delivery methods to maximize the impact of social media ads.By understanding the preferences and behaviors of their target audience,LG Electronics can increase the relevance and effectiveness of their advertising campaigns.

Understanding the Role of Influencers Marketing: Influencer marketing has emerged as a popular strategy for reaching and engaging with consumers on social media.This study will investigate the influence of social media influencers on consumer buying behavior for LG Electronics products in Abuja.The insights gained from this research will help LG Electronics identify the characteristics of effective influencers and understand how influencer’s endorsements impact consumer trust and purchasing decisions.This information can be used to develop more impactful influencer’s partnerships and campaigns.

Addressing Impulse Buying Behavior: Social media is known for its ability to encourage impulse buying through promotions,shoppable posts, and limited time offers.This study will analyze the factors that trigger impulse buying behavior among consumers of LG Electronics in Abuja.The findings will be valuable for LG Electronics in designing promotions and sales strategies that capitalize on the immediacy and convenience of social media, driving spontaneous purchases and increasing sales.

Adapting to Consumer Feedback: Social media provides a platform for consumers to share their opinions and feedback on products and services. This study will explore how LG Electronics can effectively utilize consumer feedback from social media to adapt their marketing strategies and improve their product offerings. By responding to consumer feedback and making necessary adjustments,LG Electronics can enhance customer satisfaction, build stronger relationships with their audience,and increase brand loyalty.

Cultural Considerations in Marketing: The study will also address the influence of Abuja’s cultural context on the effectiveness of social media marketing strategies.Understanding the cultural factors that shape consumer behavior is essential for LG Electronics to tailor their marketing approach to the local market.The insights gained from this research will help LG Electronics develop culturally relevant content and campaigns that resonate with their target audience, improving the overall effectiveness of their marketing efforts.

The significance of this study extends beyond its immediate application to LG Electronics customer service centreIdu in Abuja. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the effect of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior, this research will contribute to the broader understanding of digital marketing in emerging markets.The findings will offer practical recommendations for businesses looking to enhance their social media strategies, improve consumer engagement, and drive sales in competitive environments.Additionally,the study will serve as a valuable resource for academics,marketers,and business professionals seeking to understand the dynamics of social media marketing and its influence on consumer behavior in Nigeria and similar market.

CORRUPTION AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: A FIGHT AGAINST IT (A STUDY OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIME COMMISSION)

 CORRUPTION AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: A FIGHT AGAINST IT (A STUDY OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIME COMMISSION)

ABSTRACT

Corruption and insecurity remain critical challenges to Nigeria's socio-economic stability, significantly impacting governance and public welfare. This study evaluates the role of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in combating corruption and its influence on national security. The primary objectives include assessing the EFCC’s effectiveness, examining its impact on security, identifying challenges it faces, and suggesting improvements for enhanced anti-corruption and security efforts. Utilizing a survey research design, data was collected from diverse stakeholders, including EFCC officials and the general public. Findings indicate mixed perceptions regarding the EFCC's effectiveness, with over 50% acknowledging successful prosecutions of high-profile cases but also highlighting areas needing improvement. Although some respondents reported reduced corruption and crime rates attributed to the EFCC’s initiatives, challenges such as political interference, inadequate funding, and manpower constraints persist. Recommendations emphasize the need for the EFCC’s operational independence, increased funding, improved legal frameworks, and enhanced collaboration with other agencies. A preventive approach, public engagement, and measures to eliminate internal corruption are proposed to strengthen the EFCC's capacity to curb corruption and contribute to Nigeria's security landscape. This study underscores the importance of addressing systemic issues to enable the EFCC to achieve sustainable anti-corruption and security outcomes in Nigeria.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Corruption remains a pervasive issue in Nigeria, undermining democratic institutions, stifling economic growth, and perpetuating insecurity (Akinola, 2020). Despite numerous anti-corruption policies and initiatives, the impact of corruption continues to be felt deeply across all sectors of society. According to Transparency International, Nigeria consistently ranks among the most corrupt countries globally, highlighting the severity of the issue (Transparency International, 2023).

The Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) was established in 2003 as part of Nigeria's effort to combat economic and financial crimes. Its mandate includes investigating and prosecuting offenses related to corruption, financial crimes, and money laundering (EFCC, 2024). The EFCC was created in response to growing public and international pressure to address the deep-seated corruption that plagued Nigeria’s political and economic systems (Ojo, 2021).

Insecurity in Nigeria, characterized by terrorism, insurgency, and widespread violence, has been exacerbated by corruption. Corruption undermines the effectiveness of security agencies, diverts resources away from critical security measures, and fosters an environment where criminal activities can thrive unchecked (Chukwuemeka & Ezeani, 2021). The interplay between corruption and insecurity has created a cycle where each issue perpetuates the other, challenging efforts to achieve stability and development.

Efforts by the EFCC to combat corruption are integral to addressing these broader security challenges. By targeting financial crimes and corrupt practices, the EFCC aims to disrupt the networks that facilitate insecurity and violence. However, the effectiveness of the EFCC’s efforts has been a subject of significant debate, with critics questioning its impact and operational efficiency (Adebayo & Ibrahim, 2022).

Understanding the relationship between corruption, insecurity, and the EFCC's role in mitigating these issues is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of anti-corruption strategies and improving security outcomes in Nigeria. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how the EFCC’s initiatives influence the fight against both corruption and insecurity.

Previous studies have highlighted various aspects of the EFCC’s work, including its successes and shortcomings (Uche & Ajayi, 2019). However, there is a need for an updated and nuanced evaluation that considers the evolving nature of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria. This study will contribute to this understanding by focusing specifically on the EFCC’s impact on these intertwined issues.

The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from key stakeholders. This methodology will provide a holistic view of the EFCC’s effectiveness and offer actionable recommendations for enhancing its role in Nigeria’s fight against corruption and insecurity.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Corruption and insecurity are two of Nigeria’s most pressing challenges, each exacerbating the other and undermining efforts toward national development. Despite the establishment of the EFCC to address economic crimes and corruption, the country continues to grapple with high levels of insecurity, including terrorism, banditry, and kidnapping. The persistence of these issues raises questions about the effectiveness of the EFCC’s interventions.

The EFCC’s role in combating corruption is crucial, but its effectiveness has been questioned due to allegations of inefficiency, political interference, and limited resources. There is a need to evaluate how the EFCC’s actions contribute to reducing corruption and whether these efforts translate into improved security conditions. Understanding these dynamics is essential for assessing the agency's overall impact and identifying areas for improvement.

This study seeks to address the gap in knowledge regarding the relationship between the EFCC’s anti-corruption efforts and the broader issue of insecurity in Nigeria. By examining the EFCC’s effectiveness in tackling corruption and its influence on security outcomes, the study aims to provide insights that can inform policy and practice.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) in combating corruption in Nigeria.
2. To assess the impact of the EFCC’s anti-corruption initiatives on security conditions in Nigeria.
3. To identify the challenges faced by the EFCC in its fight against corruption and their implications for national security.
4. To provide recommendations for enhancing the EFCC’s role in improving both anti-corruption and security efforts.

1.4 Research Questions

1. How effective is the EFCC in combating corruption in Nigeria?
2. What impact do the EFCC’s anti-corruption initiatives have on security conditions in Nigeria?
3. What are the main challenges faced by the EFCC in its fight against corruption?
4. How can the EFCC’s strategies be improved to better address both corruption and insecurity?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons. First, it provides an in-depth analysis of the EFCC’s role in addressing corruption and its implications for national security. By evaluating the agency’s effectiveness, the study will contribute to a better understanding of its impact and inform policy decisions aimed at strengthening anti-corruption efforts.

Second, the study offers insights into the relationship between corruption and insecurity, highlighting how corruption undermines security and how addressing one can affect the other. This understanding is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies that address both issues simultaneously.

Third, the study will offer practical recommendations for improving the EFCC’s effectiveness. By identifying the challenges faced by the EFCC and suggesting ways to overcome them, the study aims to enhance the agency’s capacity to combat corruption and contribute to a more secure Nigeria.

Finally, the study will contribute to the academic literature on corruption, security, and anti-corruption agencies. It will provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in understanding and addressing the complex interplay between corruption and insecurity.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focuses on the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and its role in combating corruption and improving security in Nigeria. The geographical scope of the study is limited to Nigeria, with a specific emphasis on the EFCC’s activities and impact on national security.

The study will examine the EFCC’s strategies, successes, and challenges in addressing corruption and how these factors influence security conditions. However, the study will not delve into the operations of other anti-corruption agencies or the broader political and economic context beyond the EFCC’s direct influence.

Additionally, while the study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis, it will be limited by the availability of data and the subjective nature of qualitative insights. The findings will be based on the information available at the time of the study and may not account for future developments.

1.7 Operational Definition of Key Terms

• Corruption: The abuse of entrusted power for private gain. This includes activities such as bribery, embezzlement, and fraud that undermine institutional integrity and public trust (Rose-Ackerman, 2018).
• Insecurity: A state of being unsafe or lacking protection, often characterized by threats such as terrorism, insurgency, and organized crime (Adeleke, 2019).
• Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC): A Nigerian government agency established to investigate and prosecute economic and financial crimes, including corruption, money laundering, and fraud (EFCC, 2024).
• Anti-corruption Initiatives: Measures and strategies implemented to prevent, detect, and address corruption. This includes legal frameworks, enforcement actions, and public awareness campaigns (Transparency International, 2023).
• Security Conditions: The overall state of safety and protection within a country, including the prevalence of violence, crime rates, and the effectiveness of security agencies (Chukwuemeka & Ezeani, 2021).

APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL ON GIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN NIGERA

 APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL ON GIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN NIGERA

ABSTRACT

This study is an appraisal of the impact of sustainable development goal on girl child education in Nigeria. The study in an attempt achieve the general objective seek to examine sustainable development goal as it relates to girl child education and gender inequality, to appraise the impact of girl education in sustainable development of Abuja and to identify the challenges of girl child education in Abuja with the bid to proffer possible solutions to the identified challenges.  The research design adopted for this study is historical and descriptive approaches. This was done to enhance the possibility of having an-on-the spot assessment of the impact of sustainable development goal on girl child education. The populations of the study focus on the girl child and stakeholders in the educational sector both governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as educated and uneducated women. Data were gathered through the use of structured questionnaire and the responses were presented and analyzed with the use of tables, simple percentages and descriptive statistics. The findings of this study revealed that the sustainable development goal that addresses the girl child education and gender equality that address girl child education and gender equality is SDG’s no 4 and 5 which address the need for quality education and gender equality. Finally the study revealed that the achievement of sustainable development goal have significant impact on the girl child education in Abuja. Thus the researcher recommended that the government should in place laws and policies that will encourage the overall enrolment and performance of the girl child education the Federal capital territory Abuja.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the study

Education is generally viewed as a positive force with a wide ranging impact on society and sustainable human development. This force is more unique for the girl-child who is seen as a child today but who later becomes a woman and also a mother. Educating the girl means educating the whole family. And what is true of families is also true of communities and ultimately the whole nation (UNICEF, 2004). According to Bellamy (2003), there can be no positive significant or sustainable development of the societies and in fact in poverty reductions until the girl child receive the quality basic education they need to take their rightful place as equal partners in sustainable development.

 

According to Agbakwuru (2002) education equips one with marketable skills thereby lifting the possessor up from the poverty arena. Essentially Uzoma, (2013) mentioned that through education, the individual learns good health habits, principles and practices which promote healthy living and longevity as well as acquire marketable skills that confer economic power on the educated. It is a veritable tool utilized by economically and socially marginalized adults and children in achieving freedom from poverty and participate fully as citizens (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, {UNESCO} 2017).

 

Education of the girl child has been show to contribute immensely to the development of the family, the societies and the nation. Psacharopoulos and Patrinos, (2004) reported that child girl education contributes to the various aspects of their lives such as increased productivity, family health and nutrition, reduced fertility rates and related child mortality rates. Child girl education empowers the girl child to become self -sufficient adult capable of taking decision and controlling her life. Jatau in Esomonu (1999) believes that the burden of nation building rests much on women. She goes on “we need women to create a blissful home, have well-educated and well-behaved children”.

 

Girl-child education has then become a major issue of concern in most developing countries of the world today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where a large number of young girls do not attend school. According to UNICEF (2007), as cited by Grace (2010), the global figure for out-of-school children is estimated to be 121 million, out of which 65 million (approximately 53.8%) were girls and over 80 percent of these girls live in sub-Saharan Africa. Primary school completion rates in Africa have been the lowest in the world and this remains a concern as half of the world’s out-of-school children (OOSC) are concentrated in 15 countries, eight of which are in sub-Saharan Africa (Ibrahim, 2012). In sub-Saharan Africa, the number of girls out of school each year has risen from 20 million in 1990 to 24million in 2002 (Offorma, 2009).  The National School Census (2006) reported that the number of children out of school in Northern Nigeria is particularly high and the proportion of girls to boys in school ranges from 1 girl to 2 boys and even 1 girl to 3 boys in some states. The education of girls in the northern cluster has always been a thorny and unresolved issue. Typically, girl-child education in northern states follows a specific pattern which ends with the girls being denied from the system, the chances to attend primary school or further their education beyond primary school.

 

Enejere (1991) avers that gender inequality especially in Northern Nigeria is promoted by religious and communal customs, which has grave consequences for both the individual and the society making her a dysfunctional member of the society. So many factors have been reported to be responsible for low enrolment of girls in schools in northern Nigeria. Mukhtar et al. (2011) identified religious misinterpretation, cultural practice, poverty, early marriage, illiteracy, inadequate school infrastructure as some of the factors militating against girl-child education.

The belief that education is the basis for the full promotion and improvement of the status of women has now been recognised as a fundamental tenet of development strategy. There can be no sustainable development if women remain ignorant, disenfranchised and discriminated against. Improving and widening access to education, especially basic education, is an objective in itself, as well as the conduit to accelerated social and sustainable development.

 

The tasks of wiping out ignorance among women and development through education are considered key to Nigeria’s economic development. Thus, numerous strategies, policies and programmes intended to promote female education have been conceived and implemented by successive Nigerian governments since the 1985 Nairobi Declaration and World Declaration on Education for All.

 

Sustainable Development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (United Nations General Assembly, 1987:43). Sustainable development could otherwise be called” equitable and balanced”, meaning that in order for development to continue indefinitely, it should balance the interest of different groups of people, within the same generations, and do so simultaneously in three major interrelated areas - economic, social and environmental. So sustainable development is about equity (defined as equity of opportunities) for wellbeing as well as about comprehensiveness of objectives (U.S Department of Education, 2007).

 

Development goals are objectives if realized, will ensure development. They      are no poverty, zero hunger, good health and Well-being, Quality education as well as gender equality. Others are clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry innovation and infrastructure as well as reduced inequalities. The eleventh goal is sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action below water and life on land, peace, justice and strong institutions and lastly partnerships for the goals.

 

Indeed there is a direct relationship between girl child education and realization of these goals leading to sustainable development. Girl Child education provides a sound footing and foundation that equips a girl child to become professional and competent to handle the development issues outlined earlier. It is against this background that this study seeks to appraise the impact of sustainable development goal on girl child education in Nigeria.

1.2            Statement of Problems

The child girl education is a global human right concern demanding legislation across the nations of the world as child girls are discriminated against. They are victims of various traditional and cultural practices, they suffer degradation, they are objects of poverty, their faces are only to be seen but their voices not to be heard, they are seen as being sub-servient to their male counterparts; they are the inferior set, their place is in the kitchen (Ahmad &Najeemah, 2013). Education is meant for all; in fact, it is the fundamental human right of every child whether boy or girl, able or disabled to acquire the basic education. There should therefore, be no discrimination as to who goes to school and who does not, hence education recognizes and helps to unlock the potentials in every child. Low enrolment of the girl-child in school is widening the educational and economic gap between the men and the women folks in Nigeria. Over the years, the role of females in Nigerian society has been erroneously conceptualized to child bearing and house-keeping. This is why, in most developing countries males are groomed for career in technical and scientific fields while females are guided to concentrate their efforts on home economics. In Nigeria, the social relations and activities of Nigerian women and men are governed by patriarchal system of socialization and cultural practices, which favour the interest of men above those of women. The women are in subordinate position particularly at the community and household levels and the male children are preferred to the females. The importance of achieving the goals in educating girl-child is being beclouded with so many challenges, thus this study appraise the impact of sustainable development goals on girl child education in Nigeria.

 

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to appraise the impact of sustainable development goal on girl child education in Abuja. To achieve this, the following specific objectives are pursued:

i.                   To examine sustainable development goal as it relates to girl child education and gender inequality.

ii.                 To appraise the impact of girl education in sustainable development of Abuja

iii.              To identify the challenges of girl child education in Abuja

iv.              To proffer possible solutions to the identified challenges.

 

1.4     Research questions

i.                   What are the sustainable development goal that addresses the girl child education and gender equality?

ii.                 What are the impacts of girl education in sustainable development of Nigeria economy?

iii.              What are the challenges of girl child education in Nigeria

iv.              What are possible solutions to the identified challenges?

 

1.5     Significance of the study

This study has both practical and theoretical significance. Practically, by establishing the impact of sustainable development on girl education in Nigeria cities the relevance of sustainable development goal towards girl education and gender equality.

 

It should also be mentioned that by highlighting some of the socio-cultural factors affecting girl child education, this study will provide social workers, policy makers, community members, governmental and non-governmental organizations insights on how to address this issue at the grass roots level. This study will also highlight the benefits in educating the girl child for a better society not just for the present generation, but for future generations.

 

Theoretically, this study will be a contribution to the available literature on the impact of sustainable development goal on girl child education in Nigeria. This study will equally be of importance to students and researchers wishing to carry out further studies on this topical issue. Indeed, it is hoped that the findings of this study will ignite further scholarly inquiries into the impact of sustainable development on girl education Nigeria.

 

1.6     Definition of terms

Sustainable Development Goal: According to United National General Assembly, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

Education: This refers to knowledge acquired through learning and instruction especially in a formal (school) setting. It can also be seen as the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.

Empowerment: This refers to the provision of access to opportunities for self-sustenance and self-actualization.

Gender: This refers to the properties that differentiate individuals on the basis of their reproductive roles.

Gender equality: In the context of this study, gender equality will be interpreted to mean the state of being equal or equivalent in value or status by both males and females.

Girl-child: A biological female offspring between the ages of 0 – 18.