EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORKERS

EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORKERS

(A CASE STUDY OF TRANSCORP HILTON HOTELS ABUJA)

ABSTRACT

This project is carried out to determine the effects of organizational structure on the performance of workers in Transcorp Hilton Abuja. The researcher in tends to investigate the effects of the organization structures on the job performance by the employees of the organization. The researcher also tries to find out the response of the workers on the organizational structures and its effects on the employees. The method used in collecting data for the study includes; questionnaires which of course is the main sources to determine that, including interviews and observations were also used. After the data’s were sorted out and analyzed, the researcher discovered that organizational structure has a positive effect on the workers job performance in an organization. That lack of organizational structure has a poor and a negative effects on the employee’s performance. In respect of these findings, the researcher hereby makes the following recommendations:- Training and development be carried out among management and workers in order to achieve the much needed state of competence and higher performance value. This is because the changing nature of the technological environment could render employee’s knowledge obsolete. A policy should be designed to allow regular consultations with workers in decision making that will affect their own interest.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The understanding of the organization is important to the personnel management in relation to an organizational structure. Organization can be seen as a process of coordinating individual efforts to achieve a set goal. similarly, an organization is a consciously coordinated social entity with a relatively identifiable boundary that functions on a relatively continues basis to accomplish a goals.

Organization is not an end in itself, but a means to business performance and business result. organization is an indispensable means; and the wrong structure will seriously mar business performance. still the starting point of any analysis of organization can not be a discussion of structure. it is this view by Druker (1999) that led the researcher in finding out how organization  structure can affect the workers performance in an organization.

The basic unit of any organization not clear incomplete sentence organization taken at its simplest level, consist of job designed and organizational design. Job remove is a collection of tasks assigned to a position in an organization structure. Job design refers to the process by which managers specify the contents, methods and relationship or jobs to satisfy both individual and organizational requirements. On the other hand, organizational design is the overall organizational structure. This aim at creating a new structure of tasks, authority and relationship that will channel the behavior of individuals and groups towards improved quality performance.

Kreither (1999) defined an organization as a cooperative social system involving the coordinated efforts of two or more people pursuing a shared purpose” in other words, organization emerge whenever people gather and formally agree to combine their effort for a common purpose. Basic in the concept of organization is the idea that organization is made up of persons who share common goals by communication and are willing to contribute their efforts and actions with the purpose of accomplishing a common objectives. Organization is consciously coordinated which imply management by Robbins (1987;3). Organization as a social entity means; that the unit is composed of people or group of people who interact with each other. The interaction pattern that people follow do not  just emerge, rather they are premeditated. Therefore, because organization is the process by which manager’s specify the contents, method and relationship of jobs to satisfy both individual and organizational requirements. on the other hand, organization is the overall organizational structure. this aim at creating a new structure of tasks, authority and relationship that will channel the behavior of individuals and groups towards improve quality performance.

Kreither (1999), defined an organization as “ cooperative social system involving the coordinated efforts of two or more people pursuing a shared purpose” In other words, organization emerge whenever people gather and formally agree to combine their effort for a common purpose. basic in the concept of organization is the idea that organization is made up of persons who share common goals by communication and are willing to contribute their and action with the purpose of accomplishing a common objective. Organization, is consciously coordinated which imply management by Robbins (1987) organization as a social entity means that the units is composed of people or groups of people who interact with each other. The interaction pattern that people follow do not just emerge, rather they are premeditated. Therefore, because organization is a social entity, the interaction pattern of the member must be balance and harmonized to minimize redundancy, yet ensure that critical tasks are being completed.

McFarland (1994), said that organizational structure “ are pattern of relationships  among  people and positions they occupied in an organization” structure consist of prescribed organizational positions and their accompanying task responsibilities established specified and intended relationship among occupants of such position.

Sound organizational structure involves dividing activities into departments, divisions, units and sub – units , defining relationship, between the heads and members that make up the units. The structure of an organization stipulates how tasks are to be allocated, who reports to who and the formal coordinating mechanism and interaction pattern that will be followed. Although the nature of the structure varies from one organization to another. we  have four types of organizational structure viz line organizational structure which consist of direct vertical relationship connecting the position at each level with those at the top and below.

Functional organizational structure permits a specialist in a given area to enforce his directive within the limit and clearly defined scope of authority.

Line and staff organizational structure consist of addition of functional specialist to line organization.

Staff organizational structure emerges to assist, help and support the line organization to enable the line to perform well.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

organizational structure is an indispensable means and any wrong structure will seriously mar business performance or will make the business to the (inefficient) efficient. It is of this view that led the researcher in finding out whether there is direct relationship between organization structure and performance.

Again to find out how organizational structure can affect the workers job performance in organization and to determined the effect that organization structure has on workers job performance.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study is:-

1. To determine the relationship between organizational structure and organizational behavior
2. To ascertain the effect of organizational structure on individual performance
3. To evaluate the effects of organizational structure on organizational performance.
4. To recommend appropriate structure that will be effective in that type of organization

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the followings will objectively bring to the notice of some errors made in the cause of formulating and drafting organization as structure of a business firm in relation to its performance.

This researcher work will proffer solutions to these errors already made. this will equally be of great importance some students of business management public administration, managers of firms and companies,  and  government and other disciplines who are interested in studying management in Nigeria.

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTION:

1. To what extents does organizational structure relates to organizational behavior.
2. To what extent does organizational structure affects organizational performance.
3. To what extent does organizational structure affects individual performance.

1.6     RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

HO:- Organizational structure does not have positive effect on the performance of workers.

HI: – Organizational structure have positive effect on the performance      of workers.

1.7     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is carried out to examine the organizational structure policy and its effect, on the performance on the workers with particular reference to Transcorp Hilton Abuja, as it no easy to study the whole organization in the country.

But it is limited to the effects of organizational structure on the worker’s performance.

1.8     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study should have covered all the Transcorp Hilton in the country but due to time and financial constraints, it is limited to Transcorp Hilton Abuja.

Though, from time to time references are made to its structure of those hotels.

1.9     DEFINITION OF RELEVANT TERMS:

1. What is an organization? It is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, who has collective goals and is linked to an external environments.
2. What is a structure? is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system or the object or the system so organized
3. What is an organizational structure? Organizational structure consist of explicit and implicit institutional rules and policies designed to provide a structure where various work role and responsibilities are delegated.
4. Worker: These are group of people who work together in a particular companies or firms with a mutual understanding to achieve the organizational goals, and also for them to earn a living. workers are those people that work in an organization in order to earn money.
5. Performance:- Simply means the production of valid results as a result of valid inputs by the workers or the employees in an organization, also on the management as a whole in a organization.

REFERENCES

Cole, GA (2002), personnel and Human recourses management 5^th edition London FLST London publisher pp. 42 – 53

Druker P.F(1999) The practice of management oxford UK. Butterworth,  Heinerran British publisher

Robbins, SM (2000) Analysis of management principles and practice, Enugu    JK publishers

Umoh SM. (2002) Human Behaviors in organizations and administrative theory are practice V.I Enugu JK publishers.